Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Open Access

Asthma is a disease of the airways, which are the tubes that carry air from your mouth and nose to your lungs. It causes the airway muscles to constrict as well as the airway lining to enlarge and inflame, resulting in the formation of sticky mucus. As a result of these alterations, which narrow the airways and make breathing difficult, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness may occur. Asthma is a common reason for children to go to the doctor, miss school, or be hospitalized. Asthma is estimated to afflict one out of every ten Australian children. If your child's asthma is well-managed, he or she should be able to enjoy a healthy, active life. In terms of morbidity and death, children from LMICs bear a disproportionately greater cost. The global costs of asthma are considerable, and they are typically divided into three categories: direct, indirect, and intangible. Direct costs make around 50–80% of overall expenses. Asthma is one of the most prevalent reasons for hospitalization in children under the age of five, with a prevalence that has risen in the last two decades, primarily in LMICs. Indirect expenditures, which include both school and work-related losses, are frequently higher in younger patients. Intangible costs are difficult to quantify since they are linked to reduced quality of life, physical activity restrictions, and academic performance [1]. It's vital to know your child's asthma pattern, asthma triggers, asthma symptoms, and asthma medications—what they do and how to help your child take them correctly—in order to properly manage their asthma. Also, be aware of and follow asthma first aid practices. Make sure you have an up-to-date documented asthma action plan and that you understand how to use it. Asthma impacts each child in a unique way. Some children get minor, occasional asthma attacks or only experience symptoms after exercising or when they are sick. Some people have symptoms on a daily basis, while others experience them on a frequent basis, restricting their level of activity [2]. Each form of asthma demands a different approach to therapy. It's critical to remember that even if a child has mild or infrequent asthma, they might still have a severe and potentially fatal episode. Asthma triggers are substances, conditions, or behaviors that produce asthma symptoms. Indoor and outdoor air pollution allergy triggers, such as dust mites, animals, pollen, or mold climatic conditions, such as cold air exercise exposure to cigarette smoking airway infections, such as the common cold, particularly in children Allergy triggers, such as dust mites, animals, pollen, or mold, can be found both indoors and outdoors. Asthma triggers vary from child to child, and symptoms can occur months after exposure. This can make it difficult to diagnose an issue. Your child may have a number of asthma triggers that are different from another child's. Learn what triggers your child's asthma so you can stay as far away from it as possible. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in the world, affecting more than 300 million individuals of all ages and ethnic groups [3]. It is the most frequent chronic condition among children, putting a growing strain on the health-care system. Despite the various asthma phenotypes identified in children, the condition is generally recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the © Copyright iMedPub This article is available in: http://pediatric-infectious-disease.imedpub.com/ 1 Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Open Access Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Open Access Airways characterized by wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, and/or cough associated with expiratory airflow limitation that may resolve spontaneously or in response to medication. Clinical signs include chest tightness or pain (often referred to as a "sore belly" by small children), coughing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. When breathing, there are wheeze-whistling sounds (particularly at night) your child may have all of these symptoms or only a few of them. Symptoms are sometimes worsened at night, early in the morning, after exercise, or in response to other stressors [4]. Because children cough or wheeze for a variety of reasons, diagnosing asthma in children under the age of five can be difficult. Take your child to the doctor if he or she is wheezing more than once, with or without an illness, if chronic coughing or bouts of coughing become worse at night, or if you are concerned about your child's breathing problems. With the right medicine, almost everyone with asthma may be well controlled. Preventers and relievers are the two most frequent asthma treatments. Preventers are drugs that minimize airway edema and mucous, making individuals less vulnerable to triggers over time. His medication must be followed every day. (Some children may only require preventer drugs during certain seasons, such as pollen season or when they have a cold or flu in the winter, depending on the origin of their asthma symptoms.)[5] Relievers work quickly to relieve symptoms by relaxing the tight muscles that surround the airways. This medication is administered during an asthma attack.

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